The generalized quasilinearization method for second-order three-point boundary value problems

In this paper, we obtain the existence and uniqueness results for general second-order three-point boundary value problems by applying the method of upper and lower solutions together with Leray–Schauder degree, as well as obtaining monotone iteration schemes which converge quadratically to the unique solution of some specific second-order three-point boundary value problem by using the method of quasilinearization.     

Order selection and pricing methods using flexible quantity and fuzzy approach for buyer evaluation

This paper presents the methods for order selection and pricing of manufacturer (supplier) with make-to-order basis when orders exceed production capacity. By quoting the concepts of triangular fuzzy numbers and linguistic variables, a fuzzy approach to evaluating buyers by taking into account both positive and negative criteria is proposed. According to the classified results of buyers, the orders will be produced with priority, declined, or determined by MIP model. The fixed quantity MIP model and flexible quantity MIP model are employed to determine the produced orders along with the production quantity and the reference amount for price reduction. By applying the concept of TOPSIS, the closeness coefficients for satisfaction grades of orders and for ranking values of buyers are used as the adjusting rates in the final pricing MIP model to set segmented price.     

非负整数格上元素的性质及其在刻画@-Fuzzy关系方程解集中的作用

首先讨论了非负整数格上元素的性质. 从而完全地刻画了非负整数格上@-Fuzzy关系方程(其中@表示inf-α合成)的解集.     

System performance in rain in a radome-enclosed environment

Computer modeling and analysis techniques have been established to evaluate performance during rain, in a radome-enclosed system. Electromagnetic transmission line theory using raytracing techniques is presented to compute transmission loss. Comparisons between theory and measured results are documented. Variations in water film thickness versus look angle and the resulting effect on performance are discussed. Other performance effects in rain, such as depolarization and noise temperature, are included in the analysis.The differences in performance using hydrophobic and non-hydrophobic materials can easily be predicted. Hydrophobic membrane materials are available for use with a radome, which yield excellent electromagnetic performance, even at mm wave frequencies. Recent tests are discussed which substantiate enhanced radome performance during rain.     

A simple approach toward low‐dielectric polyimide nanocomposites: Blending the polyimide precursor with a fluorinated polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane

This article describes a new and simple method for preparing polyimide nanocomposites that have very low dielectric constants and good thermal properties: simply through blending the polyimide precursor with a fluorinated polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane derivative, octakis(dimethylsiloxyhexafluoropropyl) silsesquioxane (OF). The low polarizability of OF is compatible with polyimide matrices, such that it can improve the dispersion and free volume of the resulting composites. Together, the higher free volume and lower polarizability of OF are responsible for the lower dielectric constants of the PI‐OF nanocomposites. This simple method for enhancing the properties of polyimides might have potential applicability in the electronics industry. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 6296–6304, 2008     

Comparisons of <Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis>th-order kinetic algorithms and kinetic model simulation on HMX by DSC tests

Octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) is a typical highly energetic material that has been widely used in national defense industries since the 1940s. The aim of this study was to establish a reaction kinetic model on thermal decomposition properties via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) by well-known kinetic equations and kinetic model simulation. Furthermore, the aim also was to compare kinetic algorithms for thermal decomposition energy parameters under various conditions. Experimental results highly depended on the reliability of the kinetic concept applied, which is essentially defined by the proper choice of a mathematical model of a reaction. In addition, the correctness of the methods is used for kinetics evaluation.     

Adjuvant Effects of Dual Co-stimulatory Molecules on Cellular Responses to HIV Multiple-epitope DNA Vaccination

Designing adjuvants that can induce strong cytotoxic T cell responses is largely required for preparing DNA vaccines. In this study we explored dual costimulatory molecules 4-1BBL and OX40L as adjuvants to improve the efficiency of the HIV multiple-epitope DNA vaccine. When explored in the human dendritic cell-T cell based coculture system,dual costimulatory molecules significantly enhanced the anti-HIV T cell response of the HIV mul-tiple-epitope DNA vaccine,as detected by intracellular cytokine staining t...     

Syntheses,crystal structures and magnetic properties of coordination polymers Ni(NO2)2 and Ni(4,4′-bipy)(NO2)2

Two new coordination polymer frameworks Ni(NO₂)₂ (1) and Ni(4,4′-bipy)(NO₂)₂ (2) (4,4′-bipy = 4,4′-bipyridine) were synthesized by solvothermal reaction in formamide, and were characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, single crystal X-ray diffraction, and magnetic measurement. In compound 1, each Ni²⁺ ion is linked with four neighboring Ni²⁺ ions through μ_1,3-nitrito bridges forming 2D layered structure. In compound 2, each Ni²⁺ ion is bridged with six neighboring Ni²⁺ ions through four μ_1,3-nitrito groups and two 4,4′-bipy ligands forming 3D structure. Magnetic measurements show weak ferromagnetism within framework of the two compounds with T_N = 19 K (1) and 21 K (2).     

Self‐assembly of H‐bonded side‐chain and cross‐linking copolymers containing diblock‐copolymeric donors and single/double H‐bonded light‐emitting acceptors

A series of diblock‐copolymers were synthesized through anionic polymerization of styrene and tert‐butyl methacrylate (tBuA) with different monomer ratios, and analogous block‐copolymeric derivatives (PS‐b‐PAA)s with monofunctional carboxylic acid groups were obtained by further hydrolyzation as hydrogen‐bonded (H‐bonded) proton donors. Via H‐bonded interaction, these diblock‐coplymeric donors (PS‐b‐PAA)s were incorporated with luminescent mono‐pyridyl/bis‐pyridyl acceptors to form single/double H‐bonded supramolecules, that is, H‐bonded side‐chain/cross‐linking copolymers, respectively. The supramolecular architectures formed by donor polymers and light‐emitting acceptors were influenced by the ratio of acid blocks in the diblock copolymeric donors and the type of single/double H‐bonded light‐emitting acceptors. Their thermal and luminescent properties can be adjusted by H‐bonds, and more than 100 nm of red‐shifted photoluminescence (PL) emissions were observed, which depend on the degrees of the H‐bonding interactions. Self‐assembled phenomena of amphiphilic dibolck copolymers and their H‐bonded complexes were confirmed by TEM micrographs, and supramolecular microphase separation of spherical micelle‐like morphology was demonstrated to affect the photophysical properties. Polymer light‐emitting diode (PLED) devices containing H‐bonded complexes showed electroluminescence (EL) emissions of 503–560 nm under turn‐on voltages of 7.5–9.0 V, maximum power efficiencies of 0.23–0.37 cd/A (at 100 mA/cm²), and maximum luminances of 318–519 cd/m² (around 25 V). © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 4685–4702, 2009